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The 1966 NASA T-38 crash occurred when a NASA Northrop T-38 Talon crashed at Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri, on February 28, 1966, killing two Project Gemini astronauts, Elliot See and Charles Bassett. The aircraft, piloted by See, crashed into the McDonnell Aircraft building where their ''Gemini 9'' spacecraft was being assembled. The weather was poor with rain, snow, fog, and low clouds. A NASA panel, headed by the Chief of the Astronaut Office, Alan Shepard, investigated the crash. While the panel considered possible medical issues or aircraft maintenance problems, in addition to the weather and air traffic control factors, the end verdict was that the crash was caused by pilot error. In the aftermath of the crash, the backup crew of Thomas Stafford and Eugene Cernan were moved up to the primary position for the ''Gemini 9'' mission, scheduled for early June. Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin, who had formerly been the backup for ''Gemini 10'', became the mission's backup crew, and through the normal rotation were assigned as prime crew for ''Gemini 12''. Without the Gemini experience, it is unlikely that Aldrin would have been assigned to the ''Apollo 11'' mission, during which he became the second man to walk on the moon. ==The accident== See and Bassett were the prime crew assigned to the ''Gemini 9'' mission. They and the backup crew for the mission, Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan, were flying to St. Louis from their normal training base in Houston, Texas, for two weeks of simulator training for rendezvous and docking procedures at McDonnell Aircraft, the prime contractor for the Gemini spacecraft. It was a routine flight they had made many times previously.〔 See and Bassett flew in one Northrop T-38A Talon jet trainer, tail number NASA 901 (Air Force serial number 63-8181), with See at the controls and Bassett in the rear seat. A second T-38, NASA 907, carried Stafford and Cernan in the same configuration. The two aircraft took off from Ellington Air Force Base in Texas at 7:35 a.m. CST, with See in the lead and Stafford in wing position.〔 Weather at Lambert Field in St. Louis was poor, with rain, snow, and fog, broken clouds at and a flight ceiling of , requiring an instrument approach. When the two aircraft emerged below the clouds shortly before 9 am, both pilots realized they had missed the outer marker and overshot the runway. See then elected to perform a visual circling approach, a simplified landing procedure allowing flight under instrument rules, as long as the pilot can keep the airfield and any preceding aircraft in sight. The reported weather conditions at the airport were adequate for this type of approach, but visibility was irregular and deteriorating rapidly. Stafford began to follow See's plane, but when he lost sight of it in the clouds he instead followed the standard procedure for a missed approach and pulled his aircraft up, back into the clouds for another attempt at an instrument landing.〔 See completed a full circle to the left at an altitude of , and announced his intention to land on the southwest runway (24).〔〔 With landing gear down and full flaps, the plane dropped quickly but too far left of the runway.〔 See turned on his afterburner to increase power while pulling up and turning hard right. Seconds later, at 8:58 a.m. CST,〔 the plane struck the roof of McDonnell Building 101 on the northeast side of the airport, losing its right wing and landing gear on impact, before cartwheeling, and crashing into a parking lot beyond the building, in use as a construction staging area. Both astronauts instantly succumbed to trauma sustained in the crash. Bassett's death was particularly gruesome; he was decapitated in the impact and his head was later found wedged in the rafters.〔 Inside Building 101, 17 McDonnell employees and contractors received mostly minor injuries from falling debris.〔 The crash set off several small fires inside the building,〔 and caused minor flooding from a number of broken pipes and sprinklers.〔 By coincidence, See and Bassett died within of the very spacecraft that they were to have flown in orbit, which was in the final stages of assembly in another part of Building 101.〔 Spacecraft S/C9 was undamaged, but a piece of debris from the T-38's wing struck the unfinished S/C10 spacecraft. Meanwhile, Stafford and Cernan, still circling in the clouds in the second T-38, had no idea what had happened to their flight partners. Air traffic controllers were confused by the two planes in flight attempting different abort actions after the initial missed approach, and moreover no one on the ground knew who was in the crashed plane.〔 After some delay, Stafford and Cernan were asked to identify themselves and given permission to land, but they were not informed of the crash until on the ground. Although personally distraught over the loss of his close colleagues and friends, Stafford acted as NASA's chief contact on the scene until other personnel arrived to relieve him later in the day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1966 NASA T-38 crash」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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